Mercurial > repos > ryotas > export2sam

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/README.txt	Tue Dec 30 18:53:23 2014 +0900
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+* REQUIREMENTS
+
+The bin directory of CASAVA_1.8.1 (or later version) package must be in the PATH, so that "illumina_export2sam.pl" can be called.
+
+*
+
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/export2sam.sh	Tue Dec 30 18:53:23 2014 +0900
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SET TOOL DIRECTORY
+
+CMDNAME=`basename $0`
+
+while getopts a:b:o:gr OPT
+do
+  case $OPT in
+    "a" ) FLG_A="TRUE" ; VALUE_A="$OPTARG" ;;
+    "b" ) FLG_B="TRUE" ; VALUE_B="$OPTARG" ;;
+    "o" ) FLG_O="TRUE" ; VALUE_O="$OPTARG" ;;
+    "g" ) FLG_G="TRUE" ;;
+    "r" ) FLG_R="TRUE" ;;
+      * ) echo "Usage: $CMDNAME [-a VALUE] [-b] [-o VALUE] [-gr]" 1>&2
+          exit 1 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+# SINGLE END OR PAIR END
+if [ ! $FLG_B ] ; then
+  ARGS="--read1=$VALUE_A"
+else
+  ARGS="--read1=$VALUE_A --read2=$VALUE_B"
+fi
+
+# GZIPPED OR NOT
+if [ $FLG_G ] ; then
+  CMD1="./illumina_export2sam_gz.pl $ARGS"
+else
+  CMD1="./illumina_export2sam.pl $ARGS"
+fi
+
+# MODIFY ACCORDING TO THE REFERENCE
+if [ $FLG_R ] ; then
+  CMD2='$tmp=$_;$tmp=~s/chr_fragments\.fa\///g;$tmp=~s/(chr\w+)\.fa/$1/g;print $tmp;'
+  CMD="$CMD1 | perl -ne '$CMD2'"
+else
+  CMD=$CMD1
+fi
+
+echo $CMD
+eval $CMD > $VALUE_O
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/export2sam.xml	Tue Dec 30 18:53:23 2014 +0900
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<tool id="export2sam" name="Export to SAM" version="0.1">
+  <description></description>
+  <parallelism method="basic"></parallelism>
+  <command interpreter="sh">
+    export2sam.sh
+      -a $read1
+      #if $pairCondition.pairSelect == "yes"
+        -b $read2
+      #end if
+      -o $output
+      $gunzip
+      $remove
+  </command>
+  <inputs>
+    <param name="read1" type="data" format="eland_export" label="ELAND export file" help="" />
+    <param name="gunzip" type="boolean" truevalue="-g" falsevalue="" checked="True" label="Input file is gzipped" help="" />
+    <param name="remove" type="boolean" truevalue="-r" falsevalue="" checked="True" label="Remove (chr).fa and chr_fragments.fa/" help="" />
+    <conditional name="pairCondition">
+      <param name="pairSelect" type="select" label="Pair end?">
+        <option value="yes">Yes</option>
+        <option value="no" selected="True">No</option>
+      </param>
+      <when value="yes">
+        <param name="read2" type="data" format="eland_export" label="ELAND export file" help="" />
+      </when>
+      <when value="no"></when>
+    </conditional>
+  </inputs>
+  <outputs>
+    <data format="sam" name="output" label="${tool.name} on ${on_string}"/>
+  </outputs>
+  <help>If thou thyself canst do it, attend no other's help or hand.</help>
+</tool>
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/illumina_export2sam.pl	Tue Dec 30 18:53:23 2014 +0900
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+#
+#
+# illumina_export2sam.pl converts GERALD export files to SAM format.
+#
+#
+#
+########## License:
+#
+# The MIT License
+#
+# Original SAMtools work copyright (c) 2008-2009 Genome Research Ltd.
+# Modified SAMtools work copyright (c) 2010 Illumina, Inc.
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+#
+#
+########## Additional notice for CASAVA installation:
+#
+# This file [illumina_export2sam.pl] in the CASAVA installation has
+# been copied from the file [export2sam.pl] in the SAMtools package
+# and modified by Illumina as permitted under the MIT license that
+# governs SAMtools. Illumina recommends the use of the modified
+# version to convert data from the Illumina export format to the SAM
+# file format. The terms of the MIT license specify your right to
+# further modify and distribute the SAMtools code. For the avoidance
+# of doubt, your rights with respect to copying, modifying, using and
+# distributing CASAVA are more restricted than the rights in the MIT
+# license, and are set forth in the Illumina Genome Analyzer Software
+# License Agreement and the Illumina Source Code License Agreement.
+#
+########## ChangeLog:
+#
+# Version: 2.3.1 (18MAR2011)
+#
+#   - Restore file '-' as stdin input.
+#
+# Version: 2.3.0 (24JAN2011)
+#
+#   - Add support for export reserved chromosome name "CONTROL",
+#       which is translated to optional field "XC:Z:CONTROL".
+#   - Check for ".gz" file extension on export files and open
+#       these as gzip pipes when the extension is found.
+#
+# Version: 2.2.0 (16NOV2010)
+#
+#   - Remove any leading zeros in export fields: RUNNO,LANE,TILE,X,Y
+#   - For export records with reserved chromosome name identifiers
+#       "QC" and "RM", add the optional field "XC:Z:QC" or "XC:Z:RM"
+#       to the SAM record, so that these cases can be distinguished
+#       from other unmatched reads.
+#
+# Version: 2.1.0 (21SEP2010)
+#
+#   - Additional export record error checking.
+#   - Convert export records with chromosome value of "RM" to unmapped
+#       SAM records.
+#
+# Version: 2.0.0 (15FEB2010)
+#
+#   Script updated by Illumina in conjunction with CASAVA 1.7.0
+#   release.
+#
+#   Major changes are as follows:
+#   - The CIGAR string has been updated to include all gaps from
+#       ELANDv2 alignments.
+#   - The ELAND single read alignment score is always stored in the
+#       optional "SM" field and the ELAND paired read alignment score
+#       is stored in the optional "AS" field when it exists.
+#   - The MAPQ value is set to the higher of the two alignment scores,
+#       but no greater than 254, i.e. min(254,max(SM,AS))
+#   - The SAM "proper pair" bit (0x0002) is now set for read pairs
+#       meeting ELAND's expected orientation and insert size criteria.
+#   - The default quality score translation is set for export files
+#       which contain Phread+64 quality values. An option,
+#       "--qlogodds", has been added to translate quality values from
+#       the Solexa+64 format used in export files prior to Pipeline
+#       1.3
+#   - The export match descriptor is now reverse-complemented when
+#       necessary such that it always corresponds to the forward
+#       strand of the reference, to be consistent with other
+#       information in the SAM record. It is now written to the
+#       optional 'XD' field (rather than 'MD') to acknowledge its
+#       minor differences from the samtools match descriptor (see
+#       additional detail below).
+#   - An option, "--nofilter", has been added to include reads which
+#       have failed primary analysis quality filtration. Such reads
+#       will have the corresponding SAM flag bit (0x0200) set.
+#   - Labels in the export 'contig' field are preserved by setting
+#       RNAME to "$export_chromosome/$export_contig" when the contig
+#       label exists.
+#
+#
+# Contact: lh3
+# Version: 0.1.2 (03JAN2009)
+#
+#
+#
+########## Known Conversion Limitations:
+#
+# - Export records for reads that map to a position < 1 (allowed
+#     in export format), are converted to unmapped reads in the SAM
+#     record.
+# - Export records contain the reserved chromosome names: "NM",
+#     "QC","RM" and "CONTROL". "NM" indicates that the aligner could
+#     not map the read to the reference sequence set. "QC" means that
+#     the aligner did not attempt to map the read due to some
+#     technical limitation. "RM" means that the read mapped to a set
+#     of 'contaminant' sequences specified in GERALD's RNA-seq
+#     workflow. "CONTROL" means that the read is a control. All of
+#     these alignment types are collapsed to the single unmapped
+#     alignment state in the SAM record, but the optional SAM "XC"
+#     field is used to record the original reserved chromosome name of
+#     the read for all but the "NM" case.
+# - The export match descriptor is slightly different than the
+#     samtools match descriptor. For this reason it is stored in the
+#     optional SAM field 'XD' (and not 'MD'). Note that the export
+#     match descriptor differs from the samtools version in two
+#     respects: (1) indels are explicitly closed with the '$'
+#     character and (2) insertions must be enumerated in the match
+#     descriptor. For example a 35-base read with a two-base insertion
+#     is described as: 20^2$14
+#
+#
+#
+
+my $version = "2.3.1";
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Spec;
+use List::Util qw(min max);
+
+
+use constant {
+  EXPORT_MACHINE => 0,
+  EXPORT_RUNNO => 1,
+  EXPORT_LANE => 2,
+  EXPORT_TILE => 3,
+  EXPORT_X => 4,
+  EXPORT_Y => 5,
+  EXPORT_INDEX => 6,
+  EXPORT_READNO => 7,
+  EXPORT_READ => 8,
+  EXPORT_QUAL => 9,
+  EXPORT_CHROM => 10,
+  EXPORT_CONTIG => 11,
+  EXPORT_POS => 12,
+  EXPORT_STRAND => 13,
+  EXPORT_MD => 14,
+  EXPORT_SEMAP => 15,
+  EXPORT_PEMAP => 16,
+  EXPORT_PASSFILT => 21,
+  EXPORT_SIZE => 22,
+};
+
+
+use constant {
+  SAM_QNAME => 0,
+  SAM_FLAG => 1,
+  SAM_RNAME => 2,
+  SAM_POS => 3,
+  SAM_MAPQ => 4,
+  SAM_CIGAR => 5,
+  SAM_MRNM => 6,
+  SAM_MPOS => 7,
+  SAM_ISIZE => 8,
+  SAM_SEQ => 9,
+  SAM_QUAL => 10,
+};
+
+
+# function prototypes for Richard's code
+sub match_desc_to_cigar($);
+sub match_desc_frag_length($);
+sub reverse_compl_match_descriptor($);
+sub write_header($;$;$);
+
+
+&export2sam;
+exit;
+
+
+
+
+sub export2sam {
+
+  my $cmdline = $0 . " " . join(" ",@ARGV);
+  my $arg_count = scalar @ARGV;
+  my $progname = "illumina_export2sam.pl";
+
+  my $is_logodds_qvals = 0; # if true, assume files contain logodds (i.e. "solexa") quality values
+  my $is_nofilter = 0;
+  my $read1file;
+  my $read2file;
+  my $print_version = 0;
+  my $help = 0;
+
+  my $result = GetOptions( "qlogodds" => \$is_logodds_qvals,
+                           "nofilter" => \$is_nofilter,
+                           "read1=s"  => \$read1file,
+                           "read2=s"  => \$read2file,
+                           "version"  => \$print_version,
+                           "help"     => \$help );
+
+  my $usage = <<END;
+
+$progname converts GERALD export files to SAM format.
+
+Usage: $progname --read1=FILENAME [ options ] | --version | --help
+
+  --read1=FILENAME  read1 export file or '-' for stdin (mandatory)
+                      (file may be gzipped with ".gz" extension)
+  --read2=FILENAME  read2 export file or '-' for stdin
+                      (file may be gzipped with ".gz" extension)
+  --nofilter        include reads that failed the basecaller
+                      purity filter
+  --qlogodds        assume export file(s) use logodds quality values
+                      as reported by OLB (Pipeline) prior to v1.3
+                      (default: phred quality values)
+
+END
+
+  my $version_msg = <<END;
+
+$progname version: $version
+
+END
+
+  if((not $result) or $help or ($arg_count==0)) {
+    die($usage);
+  }
+
+  if(@ARGV) {
+    print STDERR "\nERROR: Unrecognized arguments: " . join(" ",@ARGV) . "\n\n";
+    die($usage);
+  }
+
+  if($print_version) {
+    die($version_msg);
+  }
+
+  if(not defined($read1file)) {
+    print STDERR "\nERROR: read1 export file must be specified\n\n";
+    die($usage);
+  }
+
+  unless((-f $read1file) or ($read1file eq '-')) {
+    die("\nERROR: Can't find read1 export file: '$read1file'\n\n");
+  }
+
+  if (defined $read2file) {
+    unless((-f $read2file) or ($read2file eq '-')) {
+      die("\nERROR: Can't find read2 export file: '$read2file'\n\n");
+    }
+    if($read1file eq $read2file) {
+      die("\nERROR: read1 and read2 export filenames are the same: '$read1file'\n\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  my ($fh1, $fh2, $is_paired);
+
+  my $read1cmd="$read1file";
+  $read1cmd = "gzip -dc $read1file |" if($read1file =~ /\.gz$/);
+  open($fh1, $read1cmd)
+      or die("\nERROR: Can't open read1 process: '$read1cmd'\n\n");
+  $is_paired = defined $read2file;
+  if ($is_paired) {
+    my $read2cmd="$read2file";
+    $read2cmd = "gzip -dc $read2file |" if($read2file =~ /\.gz$/);
+    open($fh2, $read2cmd)
+        or die("\nERROR: Can't open read2 process: '$read2cmd'\n\n");
+  }
+  # quality value conversion table
+  my @conv_table;
+  if($is_logodds_qvals){ # convert from solexa+64 quality values (pipeline pre-v1.3):
+    for (-64..64) {
+      $conv_table[$_+64] = int(33 + 10*log(1+10**($_/10.0))/log(10)+.499);
+    }
+  } else {               # convert from phred+64 quality values (pipeline v1.3+):
+    for (-64..-1) {
+      $conv_table[$_+64] = undef;
+    }
+    for (0..64) {
+      $conv_table[$_+64] = int(33 + $_);
+    }
+  }
+  # write the header
+  print write_header( $progname, $version, $cmdline );
+  # core loop
+  my $export_line_count = 0;
+  while (<$fh1>) {
+    $export_line_count++;
+    my (@s1, @s2);
+    &export2sam_aux($_, $export_line_count, \@s1, \@conv_table, $is_paired, 1, $is_nofilter);
+    if ($is_paired) {
+      my $read2line = <$fh2>;
+      if(not $read2line){
+        die("\nERROR: read1 and read2 export files do not contain the same number of reads.\n  Extra reads observed in read1 file at line no: $export_line_count.\n\n");
+      }
+      &export2sam_aux($read2line, $export_line_count, \@s2, \@conv_table, $is_paired, 2, $is_nofilter);
+
+      if (@s1 && @s2) { # then set mate coordinate
+        if($s1[SAM_QNAME] ne $s2[SAM_QNAME]){
+          die("\nERROR: Non-paired reads in export files on line: $export_line_count.\n  Read1: $_  Read2: $read2line\n");
+        }
+
+        my $isize = 0;
+        if ($s1[SAM_RNAME] ne '*' && $s1[SAM_RNAME] eq $s2[SAM_RNAME]) { # then calculate $isize
+          my $x1 = ($s1[SAM_FLAG] & 0x10)? $s1[SAM_POS] + length($s1[SAM_SEQ]) : $s1[SAM_POS];
+          my $x2 = ($s2[SAM_FLAG] & 0x10)? $s2[SAM_POS] + length($s2[SAM_SEQ]) : $s2[SAM_POS];
+          $isize = $x2 - $x1;
+        }
+
+        foreach ([\@s1,\@s2,$isize],[\@s2,\@s1,-$isize]){
+          my ($sa,$sb,$is) = @{$_};
+          if ($sb->[SAM_RNAME] ne '*') {
+            $sa->[SAM_MRNM] = ($sb->[SAM_RNAME] eq $sa->[SAM_RNAME]) ? "=" : $sb->[SAM_RNAME];
+            $sa->[SAM_MPOS] = $sb->[SAM_POS];
+            $sa->[SAM_ISIZE] = $is;
+            $sa->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x20 if ($sb->[SAM_FLAG] & 0x10);
+          } else {
+            $sa->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x8;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    print join("\t", @s1), "\n" if (@s1);
+    print join("\t", @s2), "\n" if (@s2 && $is_paired);
+  }
+  close($fh1);
+  if($is_paired) {
+    while(my $read2line = <$fh2>){
+      $export_line_count++;
+      die("\nERROR: read1 and read2 export files do not contain the same number of reads.\n  Extra reads observed in read2 file at line no: $export_line_count.\n\n");
+    }
+    close($fh2);
+  }
+}
+
+sub export2sam_aux {
+  my ($line, $line_no, $s, $ct, $is_paired, $read_no, $is_nofilter) = @_;
+  chomp($line);
+  my @t = split(/\t/, $line, -1);
+  my $isPassFilt = 1;
+  # Sorted files do not have passfilter column, so the number of columns can be total-1.
+  if(scalar(@t) < (EXPORT_SIZE - 1)) {
+    my $msg="\nERROR: Unexpected number of fields in export record on line $line_no of read$read_no export file. Found " . scalar(@t) . " fields but expected " . (EXPORT_SIZE - 1) . ".\n";
+    $msg.="\t...erroneous export record:\n" . $line . "\n\n";
+    die($msg);
+  }
+  elsif(scalar(@t) == EXPORT_SIZE) {
+    $isPassFilt = ($t[EXPORT_PASSFILT] eq 'Y');
+    return if(not ($isPassFilt or $is_nofilter));
+  }
+  @$s = ();
+  # read name
+  my $samQnamePrefix = $t[EXPORT_MACHINE] . (($t[EXPORT_RUNNO] ne "") ? "_" .  int($t[EXPORT_RUNNO]) : "");
+  $s->[SAM_QNAME] = join(':', $samQnamePrefix, int($t[EXPORT_LANE]), int($t[EXPORT_TILE]),
+                         int($t[EXPORT_X]), int($t[EXPORT_Y]));
+  # initial flag (will be updated later)
+  $s->[SAM_FLAG] = 0;
+  if($is_paired) {
+    if($t[EXPORT_READNO] != $read_no){
+      die("\nERROR: read$read_no export file contains record with read number: " .$t[EXPORT_READNO] . " on line: $line_no\n\n");
+    }
+    $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 1 | 1<<(5 + $read_no);
+  }
+  $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x200 if (not $isPassFilt);
+
+  # read & quality
+  my $is_export_rev = ($t[EXPORT_STRAND] eq 'R');
+  if ($is_export_rev) { # then reverse the sequence and quality
+    $s->[SAM_SEQ] = reverse($t[EXPORT_READ]);
+    $s->[SAM_SEQ] =~ tr/ACGTacgt/TGCAtgca/;
+    $s->[SAM_QUAL] = reverse($t[EXPORT_QUAL]);
+  } else {
+    $s->[SAM_SEQ] = $t[EXPORT_READ];
+    $s->[SAM_QUAL] = $t[EXPORT_QUAL];
+  }
+  my @convqual = ();
+  foreach (unpack('C*', $s->[SAM_QUAL])){
+    my $val=$ct->[$_];
+    if(not defined $val){
+      my $msg="\nERROR: can't interpret export quality value: " . $_ . " in read$read_no export file, line: $line_no\n";
+      if( $_ < 64 ) { $msg .= "  Use --qlogodds flag to translate logodds (solexa) quality values.\n"; }
+      die($msg . "\n");
+    }
+    push @convqual,$val;
+  }
+
+  $s->[SAM_QUAL] = pack('C*',@convqual); # change coding
+
+
+  # coor
+  my $has_coor = 0;
+  $s->[SAM_RNAME] = "*";
+  if (($t[EXPORT_CHROM] eq 'NM') or
+      ($t[EXPORT_CHROM] eq 'QC') or
+      ($t[EXPORT_CHROM] eq 'RM') or
+      ($t[EXPORT_CHROM] eq 'CONTROL')) {
+    $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x4; # unmapped
+    push(@$s,"XC:Z:".$t[EXPORT_CHROM]) if($t[EXPORT_CHROM] ne 'NM');
+  } elsif ($t[EXPORT_CHROM] =~ /(\d+):(\d+):(\d+)/) {
+    $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x4; # TODO: should I set BAM_FUNMAP in this case?
+    push(@$s, "H0:i:$1", "H1:i:$2", "H2:i:$3")
+  } elsif ($t[EXPORT_POS] < 1) {
+    $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x4; # unmapped
+  } else {
+    $s->[SAM_RNAME] = $t[EXPORT_CHROM];
+    $s->[SAM_RNAME] .= "/" . $t[EXPORT_CONTIG] if($t[EXPORT_CONTIG] ne '');
+    $has_coor = 1;
+  }
+  $s->[SAM_POS] = $has_coor? $t[EXPORT_POS] : 0;
+
+#  print STDERR "t[14] = " . $t[14] . "\n";
+  my $matchDesc = '';
+  $s->[SAM_CIGAR] = "*";
+  if($has_coor){
+    $matchDesc = ($is_export_rev) ? reverse_compl_match_descriptor($t[EXPORT_MD]) : $t[EXPORT_MD];
+
+    if($matchDesc =~ /\^/){
+      # construct CIGAR string using Richard's function
+      $s->[SAM_CIGAR] = match_desc_to_cigar($matchDesc); # indel processing
+    } else {
+      $s->[SAM_CIGAR] = length($s->[SAM_SEQ]) . "M";
+    }
+  }
+
+#  print STDERR "cigar_string = $cigar_string\n";
+
+  $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x10 if ($has_coor && $is_export_rev);
+  if($has_coor){
+    my $semap = ($t[EXPORT_SEMAP] ne '') ? $t[EXPORT_SEMAP] : 0;
+    my $pemap = 0;
+    if($is_paired) {
+      $pemap = ($t[EXPORT_PEMAP] ne '') ? $t[EXPORT_PEMAP] : 0;
+
+      # set `proper pair' bit if non-blank, non-zero PE alignment score:
+      $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x02 if ($pemap > 0);
+    }
+    $s->[SAM_MAPQ] = min(254,max($semap,$pemap));
+  } else {
+    $s->[SAM_MAPQ] = 0;
+  }
+  # mate coordinate
+  $s->[SAM_MRNM] = '*';
+  $s->[SAM_MPOS] = 0;
+  $s->[SAM_ISIZE] = 0;
+  # aux
+  push(@$s, "BC:Z:$t[EXPORT_INDEX]") if ($t[EXPORT_INDEX]);
+  if($has_coor){
+    # The export match descriptor differs slightly from the samtools match descriptor.
+    # In order for the converted SAM files to be as compliant as possible,
+    # we put the export match descriptor in optional field 'XD' rather than 'MD':
+    push(@$s, "XD:Z:$matchDesc");
+    push(@$s, "SM:i:$t[EXPORT_SEMAP]") if ($t[EXPORT_SEMAP] ne '');
+    push(@$s, "AS:i:$t[EXPORT_PEMAP]") if ($is_paired and ($t[EXPORT_PEMAP] ne ''));
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+#
+# the following code is taken from Richard Shaw's sorted2sam.pl file
+#
+sub reverse_compl_match_descriptor($)
+{
+#    print "\nREVERSING THE MATCH DESCRIPTOR!\n";
+    my ($match_desc) = @_;
+    my $rev_compl_match_desc = reverse($match_desc);
+    $rev_compl_match_desc =~ tr/ACGT\^\$/TGCA\$\^/;
+
+    # Unreverse the digits of numbers.
+    $rev_compl_match_desc = join('',
+                                 map {($_ =~ /\d+/)
+                                      ? join('', reverse(split('', $_)))
+                                      : $_} split(/(\d+)/,
+                                                  $rev_compl_match_desc));
+
+    return $rev_compl_match_desc;
+}
+
+
+
+sub match_desc_to_cigar($)
+{
+    my ($match_desc) = @_;
+
+    my @match_desc_parts = split(/(\^.*?\$)/, $match_desc);
+    my $cigar_str = '';
+    my $cigar_del_ch = 'D';
+    my $cigar_ins_ch = 'I';
+    my $cigar_match_ch = 'M';
+
+    foreach my $match_desc_part (@match_desc_parts) {
+        next if (!$match_desc_part);
+
+        if ($match_desc_part =~ /^\^([ACGTN]+)\$$/) {
+            # Deletion
+            $cigar_str .= (length($1) . $cigar_del_ch);
+        } elsif ($match_desc_part =~ /^\^(\d+)\$$/) {
+            # Insertion
+            $cigar_str .= ($1 . $cigar_ins_ch);
+        } else {
+            $cigar_str .= (match_desc_frag_length($match_desc_part)
+                           . $cigar_match_ch);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $cigar_str;
+}
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+sub match_desc_frag_length($)
+                           {
+    my ($match_desc_str) = @_;
+    my $len = 0;
+
+    my @match_desc_fields = split(/([ACGTN]+)/, $match_desc_str);
+
+    foreach my $match_desc_field (@match_desc_fields) {
+        next if ($match_desc_field eq '');
+
+        $len += (($match_desc_field =~ /(\d+)/)
+                 ? $1 : length($match_desc_field));
+    }
+
+    return $len;
+}
+
+
+# argument holds the command line
+sub write_header($;$;$)
+{
+	my ($progname,$version,$cl) = @_;
+	my $complete_header = "";
+	$complete_header .= "\@PG\tID:$progname\tVN:$version\tCL:$cl\n";
+
+	return $complete_header;
+}
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/illumina_export2sam_gz.pl	Tue Dec 30 18:53:23 2014 +0900
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+#
+#
+# illumina_export2sam.pl converts GERALD export files to SAM format.
+#
+#
+#
+########## License:
+#
+# The MIT License
+#
+# Original SAMtools work copyright (c) 2008-2009 Genome Research Ltd.
+# Modified SAMtools work copyright (c) 2010 Illumina, Inc.
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+#
+#
+########## Additional notice for CASAVA installation:
+#
+# This file [illumina_export2sam.pl] in the CASAVA installation has
+# been copied from the file [export2sam.pl] in the SAMtools package
+# and modified by Illumina as permitted under the MIT license that
+# governs SAMtools. Illumina recommends the use of the modified
+# version to convert data from the Illumina export format to the SAM
+# file format. The terms of the MIT license specify your right to
+# further modify and distribute the SAMtools code. For the avoidance
+# of doubt, your rights with respect to copying, modifying, using and
+# distributing CASAVA are more restricted than the rights in the MIT
+# license, and are set forth in the Illumina Genome Analyzer Software
+# License Agreement and the Illumina Source Code License Agreement.
+#
+########## ChangeLog:
+#
+# Version: 2.3.1 (18MAR2011)
+#
+#   - Restore file '-' as stdin input.
+#
+# Version: 2.3.0 (24JAN2011)
+#
+#   - Add support for export reserved chromosome name "CONTROL",
+#       which is translated to optional field "XC:Z:CONTROL".
+#   - Check for ".gz" file extension on export files and open
+#       these as gzip pipes when the extension is found.
+#
+# Version: 2.2.0 (16NOV2010)
+#
+#   - Remove any leading zeros in export fields: RUNNO,LANE,TILE,X,Y
+#   - For export records with reserved chromosome name identifiers
+#       "QC" and "RM", add the optional field "XC:Z:QC" or "XC:Z:RM"
+#       to the SAM record, so that these cases can be distinguished
+#       from other unmatched reads.
+#
+# Version: 2.1.0 (21SEP2010)
+#
+#   - Additional export record error checking.
+#   - Convert export records with chromosome value of "RM" to unmapped
+#       SAM records.
+#
+# Version: 2.0.0 (15FEB2010)
+#
+#   Script updated by Illumina in conjunction with CASAVA 1.7.0
+#   release.
+#
+#   Major changes are as follows:
+#   - The CIGAR string has been updated to include all gaps from
+#       ELANDv2 alignments.
+#   - The ELAND single read alignment score is always stored in the
+#       optional "SM" field and the ELAND paired read alignment score
+#       is stored in the optional "AS" field when it exists.
+#   - The MAPQ value is set to the higher of the two alignment scores,
+#       but no greater than 254, i.e. min(254,max(SM,AS))
+#   - The SAM "proper pair" bit (0x0002) is now set for read pairs
+#       meeting ELAND's expected orientation and insert size criteria.
+#   - The default quality score translation is set for export files
+#       which contain Phread+64 quality values. An option,
+#       "--qlogodds", has been added to translate quality values from
+#       the Solexa+64 format used in export files prior to Pipeline
+#       1.3
+#   - The export match descriptor is now reverse-complemented when
+#       necessary such that it always corresponds to the forward
+#       strand of the reference, to be consistent with other
+#       information in the SAM record. It is now written to the
+#       optional 'XD' field (rather than 'MD') to acknowledge its
+#       minor differences from the samtools match descriptor (see
+#       additional detail below).
+#   - An option, "--nofilter", has been added to include reads which
+#       have failed primary analysis quality filtration. Such reads
+#       will have the corresponding SAM flag bit (0x0200) set.
+#   - Labels in the export 'contig' field are preserved by setting
+#       RNAME to "$export_chromosome/$export_contig" when the contig
+#       label exists.
+#
+#
+# Contact: lh3
+# Version: 0.1.2 (03JAN2009)
+#
+#
+#
+########## Known Conversion Limitations:
+#
+# - Export records for reads that map to a position < 1 (allowed
+#     in export format), are converted to unmapped reads in the SAM
+#     record.
+# - Export records contain the reserved chromosome names: "NM",
+#     "QC","RM" and "CONTROL". "NM" indicates that the aligner could
+#     not map the read to the reference sequence set. "QC" means that
+#     the aligner did not attempt to map the read due to some
+#     technical limitation. "RM" means that the read mapped to a set
+#     of 'contaminant' sequences specified in GERALD's RNA-seq
+#     workflow. "CONTROL" means that the read is a control. All of
+#     these alignment types are collapsed to the single unmapped
+#     alignment state in the SAM record, but the optional SAM "XC"
+#     field is used to record the original reserved chromosome name of
+#     the read for all but the "NM" case.
+# - The export match descriptor is slightly different than the
+#     samtools match descriptor. For this reason it is stored in the
+#     optional SAM field 'XD' (and not 'MD'). Note that the export
+#     match descriptor differs from the samtools version in two
+#     respects: (1) indels are explicitly closed with the '$'
+#     character and (2) insertions must be enumerated in the match
+#     descriptor. For example a 35-base read with a two-base insertion
+#     is described as: 20^2$14
+#
+#
+#
+
+my $version = "2.3.1";
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Spec;
+use List::Util qw(min max);
+
+
+use constant {
+  EXPORT_MACHINE => 0,
+  EXPORT_RUNNO => 1,
+  EXPORT_LANE => 2,
+  EXPORT_TILE => 3,
+  EXPORT_X => 4,
+  EXPORT_Y => 5,
+  EXPORT_INDEX => 6,
+  EXPORT_READNO => 7,
+  EXPORT_READ => 8,
+  EXPORT_QUAL => 9,
+  EXPORT_CHROM => 10,
+  EXPORT_CONTIG => 11,
+  EXPORT_POS => 12,
+  EXPORT_STRAND => 13,
+  EXPORT_MD => 14,
+  EXPORT_SEMAP => 15,
+  EXPORT_PEMAP => 16,
+  EXPORT_PASSFILT => 21,
+  EXPORT_SIZE => 22,
+};
+
+
+use constant {
+  SAM_QNAME => 0,
+  SAM_FLAG => 1,
+  SAM_RNAME => 2,
+  SAM_POS => 3,
+  SAM_MAPQ => 4,
+  SAM_CIGAR => 5,
+  SAM_MRNM => 6,
+  SAM_MPOS => 7,
+  SAM_ISIZE => 8,
+  SAM_SEQ => 9,
+  SAM_QUAL => 10,
+};
+
+
+# function prototypes for Richard's code
+sub match_desc_to_cigar($);
+sub match_desc_frag_length($);
+sub reverse_compl_match_descriptor($);
+sub write_header($;$;$);
+
+
+&export2sam;
+exit;
+
+
+
+
+sub export2sam {
+
+  my $cmdline = $0 . " " . join(" ",@ARGV);
+  my $arg_count = scalar @ARGV;
+  my $progname = "illumina_export2sam.pl";
+
+  my $is_logodds_qvals = 0; # if true, assume files contain logodds (i.e. "solexa") quality values
+  my $is_nofilter = 0;
+  my $read1file;
+  my $read2file;
+  my $print_version = 0;
+  my $help = 0;
+
+  my $result = GetOptions( "qlogodds" => \$is_logodds_qvals,
+                           "nofilter" => \$is_nofilter,
+                           "read1=s"  => \$read1file,
+                           "read2=s"  => \$read2file,
+                           "version"  => \$print_version,
+                           "help"     => \$help );
+
+  my $usage = <<END;
+
+$progname converts GERALD export files to SAM format.
+
+Usage: $progname --read1=FILENAME [ options ] | --version | --help
+
+  --read1=FILENAME  read1 export file or '-' for stdin (mandatory)
+                      (file may be gzipped with ".gz" extension)
+  --read2=FILENAME  read2 export file or '-' for stdin
+                      (file may be gzipped with ".gz" extension)
+  --nofilter        include reads that failed the basecaller
+                      purity filter
+  --qlogodds        assume export file(s) use logodds quality values
+                      as reported by OLB (Pipeline) prior to v1.3
+                      (default: phred quality values)
+
+END
+
+  my $version_msg = <<END;
+
+$progname version: $version
+
+END
+
+  if((not $result) or $help or ($arg_count==0)) {
+    die($usage);
+  }
+
+  if(@ARGV) {
+    print STDERR "\nERROR: Unrecognized arguments: " . join(" ",@ARGV) . "\n\n";
+    die($usage);
+  }
+
+  if($print_version) {
+    die($version_msg);
+  }
+
+  if(not defined($read1file)) {
+    print STDERR "\nERROR: read1 export file must be specified\n\n";
+    die($usage);
+  }
+
+  unless((-f $read1file) or ($read1file eq '-')) {
+    die("\nERROR: Can't find read1 export file: '$read1file'\n\n");
+  }
+
+  if (defined $read2file) {
+    unless((-f $read2file) or ($read2file eq '-')) {
+      die("\nERROR: Can't find read2 export file: '$read2file'\n\n");
+    }
+    if($read1file eq $read2file) {
+      die("\nERROR: read1 and read2 export filenames are the same: '$read1file'\n\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  my ($fh1, $fh2, $is_paired);
+
+  my $read1cmd="$read1file";
+  $read1cmd = "gzip -dc $read1file |";
+  open($fh1, $read1cmd)
+      or die("\nERROR: Can't open read1 process: '$read1cmd'\n\n");
+  $is_paired = defined $read2file;
+  if ($is_paired) {
+    my $read2cmd="$read2file";
+    $read2cmd = "gzip -dc $read2file |";
+    open($fh2, $read2cmd)
+        or die("\nERROR: Can't open read2 process: '$read2cmd'\n\n");
+  }
+  # quality value conversion table
+  my @conv_table;
+  if($is_logodds_qvals){ # convert from solexa+64 quality values (pipeline pre-v1.3):
+    for (-64..64) {
+      $conv_table[$_+64] = int(33 + 10*log(1+10**($_/10.0))/log(10)+.499);
+    }
+  } else {               # convert from phred+64 quality values (pipeline v1.3+):
+    for (-64..-1) {
+      $conv_table[$_+64] = undef;
+    }
+    for (0..64) {
+      $conv_table[$_+64] = int(33 + $_);
+    }
+  }
+  # write the header
+  print write_header( $progname, $version, $cmdline );
+  # core loop
+  my $export_line_count = 0;
+  while (<$fh1>) {
+    $export_line_count++;
+    my (@s1, @s2);
+    &export2sam_aux($_, $export_line_count, \@s1, \@conv_table, $is_paired, 1, $is_nofilter);
+    if ($is_paired) {
+      my $read2line = <$fh2>;
+      if(not $read2line){
+        die("\nERROR: read1 and read2 export files do not contain the same number of reads.\n  Extra reads observed in read1 file at line no: $export_line_count.\n\n");
+      }
+      &export2sam_aux($read2line, $export_line_count, \@s2, \@conv_table, $is_paired, 2, $is_nofilter);
+
+      if (@s1 && @s2) { # then set mate coordinate
+        if($s1[SAM_QNAME] ne $s2[SAM_QNAME]){
+          die("\nERROR: Non-paired reads in export files on line: $export_line_count.\n  Read1: $_  Read2: $read2line\n");
+        }
+
+        my $isize = 0;
+        if ($s1[SAM_RNAME] ne '*' && $s1[SAM_RNAME] eq $s2[SAM_RNAME]) { # then calculate $isize
+          my $x1 = ($s1[SAM_FLAG] & 0x10)? $s1[SAM_POS] + length($s1[SAM_SEQ]) : $s1[SAM_POS];
+          my $x2 = ($s2[SAM_FLAG] & 0x10)? $s2[SAM_POS] + length($s2[SAM_SEQ]) : $s2[SAM_POS];
+          $isize = $x2 - $x1;
+        }
+
+        foreach ([\@s1,\@s2,$isize],[\@s2,\@s1,-$isize]){
+          my ($sa,$sb,$is) = @{$_};
+          if ($sb->[SAM_RNAME] ne '*') {
+            $sa->[SAM_MRNM] = ($sb->[SAM_RNAME] eq $sa->[SAM_RNAME]) ? "=" : $sb->[SAM_RNAME];
+            $sa->[SAM_MPOS] = $sb->[SAM_POS];
+            $sa->[SAM_ISIZE] = $is;
+            $sa->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x20 if ($sb->[SAM_FLAG] & 0x10);
+          } else {
+            $sa->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x8;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    print join("\t", @s1), "\n" if (@s1);
+    print join("\t", @s2), "\n" if (@s2 && $is_paired);
+  }
+  close($fh1);
+  if($is_paired) {
+    while(my $read2line = <$fh2>){
+      $export_line_count++;
+      die("\nERROR: read1 and read2 export files do not contain the same number of reads.\n  Extra reads observed in read2 file at line no: $export_line_count.\n\n");
+    }
+    close($fh2);
+  }
+}
+
+sub export2sam_aux {
+  my ($line, $line_no, $s, $ct, $is_paired, $read_no, $is_nofilter) = @_;
+  chomp($line);
+  my @t = split(/\t/, $line, -1);
+  my $isPassFilt = 1;
+  # Sorted files do not have passfilter column, so the number of columns can be total-1.
+  if(scalar(@t) < (EXPORT_SIZE - 1)) {
+    my $msg="\nERROR: Unexpected number of fields in export record on line $line_no of read$read_no export file. Found " . scalar(@t) . " fields but expected " . (EXPORT_SIZE - 1) . ".\n";
+    $msg.="\t...erroneous export record:\n" . $line . "\n\n";
+    die($msg);
+  }
+  elsif(scalar(@t) == EXPORT_SIZE) {
+    $isPassFilt = ($t[EXPORT_PASSFILT] eq 'Y');
+    return if(not ($isPassFilt or $is_nofilter));
+  }
+  @$s = ();
+  # read name
+  my $samQnamePrefix = $t[EXPORT_MACHINE] . (($t[EXPORT_RUNNO] ne "") ? "_" .  int($t[EXPORT_RUNNO]) : "");
+  $s->[SAM_QNAME] = join(':', $samQnamePrefix, int($t[EXPORT_LANE]), int($t[EXPORT_TILE]),
+                         int($t[EXPORT_X]), int($t[EXPORT_Y]));
+  # initial flag (will be updated later)
+  $s->[SAM_FLAG] = 0;
+  if($is_paired) {
+    if($t[EXPORT_READNO] != $read_no){
+      die("\nERROR: read$read_no export file contains record with read number: " .$t[EXPORT_READNO] . " on line: $line_no\n\n");
+    }
+    $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 1 | 1<<(5 + $read_no);
+  }
+  $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x200 if (not $isPassFilt);
+
+  # read & quality
+  my $is_export_rev = ($t[EXPORT_STRAND] eq 'R');
+  if ($is_export_rev) { # then reverse the sequence and quality
+    $s->[SAM_SEQ] = reverse($t[EXPORT_READ]);
+    $s->[SAM_SEQ] =~ tr/ACGTacgt/TGCAtgca/;
+    $s->[SAM_QUAL] = reverse($t[EXPORT_QUAL]);
+  } else {
+    $s->[SAM_SEQ] = $t[EXPORT_READ];
+    $s->[SAM_QUAL] = $t[EXPORT_QUAL];
+  }
+  my @convqual = ();
+  foreach (unpack('C*', $s->[SAM_QUAL])){
+    my $val=$ct->[$_];
+    if(not defined $val){
+      my $msg="\nERROR: can't interpret export quality value: " . $_ . " in read$read_no export file, line: $line_no\n";
+      if( $_ < 64 ) { $msg .= "  Use --qlogodds flag to translate logodds (solexa) quality values.\n"; }
+      die($msg . "\n");
+    }
+    push @convqual,$val;
+  }
+
+  $s->[SAM_QUAL] = pack('C*',@convqual); # change coding
+
+
+  # coor
+  my $has_coor = 0;
+  $s->[SAM_RNAME] = "*";
+  if (($t[EXPORT_CHROM] eq 'NM') or
+      ($t[EXPORT_CHROM] eq 'QC') or
+      ($t[EXPORT_CHROM] eq 'RM') or
+      ($t[EXPORT_CHROM] eq 'CONTROL')) {
+    $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x4; # unmapped
+    push(@$s,"XC:Z:".$t[EXPORT_CHROM]) if($t[EXPORT_CHROM] ne 'NM');
+  } elsif ($t[EXPORT_CHROM] =~ /(\d+):(\d+):(\d+)/) {
+    $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x4; # TODO: should I set BAM_FUNMAP in this case?
+    push(@$s, "H0:i:$1", "H1:i:$2", "H2:i:$3")
+  } elsif ($t[EXPORT_POS] < 1) {
+    $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x4; # unmapped
+  } else {
+    $s->[SAM_RNAME] = $t[EXPORT_CHROM];
+    $s->[SAM_RNAME] .= "/" . $t[EXPORT_CONTIG] if($t[EXPORT_CONTIG] ne '');
+    $has_coor = 1;
+  }
+  $s->[SAM_POS] = $has_coor? $t[EXPORT_POS] : 0;
+
+#  print STDERR "t[14] = " . $t[14] . "\n";
+  my $matchDesc = '';
+  $s->[SAM_CIGAR] = "*";
+  if($has_coor){
+    $matchDesc = ($is_export_rev) ? reverse_compl_match_descriptor($t[EXPORT_MD]) : $t[EXPORT_MD];
+
+    if($matchDesc =~ /\^/){
+      # construct CIGAR string using Richard's function
+      $s->[SAM_CIGAR] = match_desc_to_cigar($matchDesc); # indel processing
+    } else {
+      $s->[SAM_CIGAR] = length($s->[SAM_SEQ]) . "M";
+    }
+  }
+
+#  print STDERR "cigar_string = $cigar_string\n";
+
+  $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x10 if ($has_coor && $is_export_rev);
+  if($has_coor){
+    my $semap = ($t[EXPORT_SEMAP] ne '') ? $t[EXPORT_SEMAP] : 0;
+    my $pemap = 0;
+    if($is_paired) {
+      $pemap = ($t[EXPORT_PEMAP] ne '') ? $t[EXPORT_PEMAP] : 0;
+
+      # set `proper pair' bit if non-blank, non-zero PE alignment score:
+      $s->[SAM_FLAG] |= 0x02 if ($pemap > 0);
+    }
+    $s->[SAM_MAPQ] = min(254,max($semap,$pemap));
+  } else {
+    $s->[SAM_MAPQ] = 0;
+  }
+  # mate coordinate
+  $s->[SAM_MRNM] = '*';
+  $s->[SAM_MPOS] = 0;
+  $s->[SAM_ISIZE] = 0;
+  # aux
+  push(@$s, "BC:Z:$t[EXPORT_INDEX]") if ($t[EXPORT_INDEX]);
+  if($has_coor){
+    # The export match descriptor differs slightly from the samtools match descriptor.
+    # In order for the converted SAM files to be as compliant as possible,
+    # we put the export match descriptor in optional field 'XD' rather than 'MD':
+    push(@$s, "XD:Z:$matchDesc");
+    push(@$s, "SM:i:$t[EXPORT_SEMAP]") if ($t[EXPORT_SEMAP] ne '');
+    push(@$s, "AS:i:$t[EXPORT_PEMAP]") if ($is_paired and ($t[EXPORT_PEMAP] ne ''));
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+#
+# the following code is taken from Richard Shaw's sorted2sam.pl file
+#
+sub reverse_compl_match_descriptor($)
+{
+#    print "\nREVERSING THE MATCH DESCRIPTOR!\n";
+    my ($match_desc) = @_;
+    my $rev_compl_match_desc = reverse($match_desc);
+    $rev_compl_match_desc =~ tr/ACGT\^\$/TGCA\$\^/;
+
+    # Unreverse the digits of numbers.
+    $rev_compl_match_desc = join('',
+                                 map {($_ =~ /\d+/)
+                                      ? join('', reverse(split('', $_)))
+                                      : $_} split(/(\d+)/,
+                                                  $rev_compl_match_desc));
+
+    return $rev_compl_match_desc;
+}
+
+
+
+sub match_desc_to_cigar($)
+{
+    my ($match_desc) = @_;
+
+    my @match_desc_parts = split(/(\^.*?\$)/, $match_desc);
+    my $cigar_str = '';
+    my $cigar_del_ch = 'D';
+    my $cigar_ins_ch = 'I';
+    my $cigar_match_ch = 'M';
+
+    foreach my $match_desc_part (@match_desc_parts) {
+        next if (!$match_desc_part);
+
+        if ($match_desc_part =~ /^\^([ACGTN]+)\$$/) {
+            # Deletion
+            $cigar_str .= (length($1) . $cigar_del_ch);
+        } elsif ($match_desc_part =~ /^\^(\d+)\$$/) {
+            # Insertion
+            $cigar_str .= ($1 . $cigar_ins_ch);
+        } else {
+            $cigar_str .= (match_desc_frag_length($match_desc_part)
+                           . $cigar_match_ch);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $cigar_str;
+}
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+sub match_desc_frag_length($)
+                           {
+    my ($match_desc_str) = @_;
+    my $len = 0;
+
+    my @match_desc_fields = split(/([ACGTN]+)/, $match_desc_str);
+
+    foreach my $match_desc_field (@match_desc_fields) {
+        next if ($match_desc_field eq '');
+
+        $len += (($match_desc_field =~ /(\d+)/)
+                 ? $1 : length($match_desc_field));
+    }
+
+    return $len;
+}
+
+
+# argument holds the command line
+sub write_header($;$;$)
+{
+	my ($progname,$version,$cl) = @_;
+	my $complete_header = "";
+	$complete_header .= "\@PG\tID:$progname\tVN:$version\tCL:$cl\n";
+
+	return $complete_header;
+}