NAME
    Parsers::Lexer

SYNOPSIS
    use Parsers::Lexer;

    use Parsers::Lexer qw(:all);

DESCRIPTION
    Lexer class provides the following methods:

    new, GetLex, Lex, Next, Peek, StringifyLexer

    The object oriented chained Lexer is implemented based on examples
    available in Higher-order Perl [ Ref 126 ] book by Mark J. Dominus. It
    is designed to be used both in standalone mode or as a base class for
    YYLexer.

    A chained lexer is created by generating a lexer for for the first
    specified token specification using specified input and chaining it with
    other lexers generated for all subsequent token specifications. The
    lexer generated for the first token specification uses input iterator to
    retrieve any available input text; the subsequent chained lexeres for
    rest of the token specifications use lexers generated for previous token
    specifications to get next input, which might be unmatched input text or
    a reference to an array containing token and matched text pair.

  METHODS
    new
            $Lexer = new Parsers::Lexer($Input, @TokensSpec);

        Using specified *Input* and *TokensSpec*, new method generates a new
        lexer and returns a reference to newly created Lexer object.

        Example:

            # Tokens specifications supplied by the caller. It's an array containing references
            # to arrays with each containing TokenLabel and TokenMatchRegex pair along with
            # an option reference to code to be executed after a matched.
            #
            @LexerTokensSpec = (
                [ 'LETTER', qr/[a-zA-Z]/ ],
                [ 'NUMBER', qr/\d+/ ],
                [ 'SPACE', qr/[ ]*/,
                    sub { my($This, $TokenLabel, $MatchedText) = @_; return ''; }
                ],
                [ 'NEWLINE', qr/(?:\r\n|\r|\n)/,
                    sub { my($This, $TokenLabel, $MatchedText) = @_;  return "\n"; }
                ],
                [ 'CHAR', qr/./ ]
            );

            # Input string...
            $InputText = 'y = 3 + 4';
            $Lexer = new Parsers::Lexer($InputText, @LexerTokensSpec);

            # Process input stream...
            while (defined($Token = $Lexer->Lex())) {
                print "Token: " . ((ref $Token) ? "@{$Token}" : "$Token") . "\n";
            }

            # Input file...
            $InputFile = "Input.txt";
            open INPUTFILE, "$InputFile" or die "Couldn't open $InputFile: $!\n";
            $Lexer = new Parsers::Lexer(\*INPUTFILE, @LexerTokensSpec);

            # Input file iterator...
            $InputFile = "TestSimpleCalcParser.txt";
            open INPUTFILE, "$InputFile" or die "Couldn't open $InputFile: $!\n";
            $InputIterator = sub { return <INPUTFILE>; };
            $Lexer = new Parsers::Lexer($InputIterator, @LexerTokensSpec);

            @LexerTokensSpec = (
                [ 'VAR', qr/[[:alpha:]]+/ ],
                [ 'NUM', qr/\d+/ ],
                [ 'OP', qr/[-+=\/]/,
                    sub { my($This, $Label, $Value) = @_;
                        $Value .= "; ord: " . ord $Value;
                        return [$Label, $Value];
                    }
                ],
                [ 'NEWLINE', qr/(?:\r\n|\r|\n)/, sub { return [$_[1], 'NewLine']; } ],
                [ 'SPACE', qr/\s*/, sub { return [$_[1], 'Space']; } ],
            );

            # Look ahead without removing...
            $Token = $Lexer->Lex('Peek');
            if (defined $Token && ref $Token) {
                print "PEEK: Token: @{$Token}\n\n";
            }

            # Process input stream...
            while (defined($Token = $Lexer->Lex())) {
                print "Token: " . ((ref $Token) ? "@{$Token}" : "$Token") . "\n";
            }

    GetLex
            $LexerRef = $Lexer->GetLex();

        Returns a refernece to *Lexer* method to the caller for use in a
        specific YYLexer.

    Lex
            $TokenRefOrText = $Lexer->Lex($Mode);
            if (ref $TokenRefOrText) {
                ($TokenLabel, $TokenValue) = @{$TokenRefOrText};
            }
            else {
                $TokenText = $TokenRefOrText;
            }

        Get next available token label and value pair as an array reference
        or unrecognized text from input stream by either removing it from
        the input or simply peeking ahead and without removing it from the
        input stream.

        Possible *Mode* values: *Peek, Next*. Default: *Next*.

    Next
            $TokenRefOrText = $Lexer->Next();

        Get next available token label and value pair as an array reference
        or unrecognized text from input stream by removing it from the input
        stream.

    Peek
            $TokenRefOrText = $Lexer->Peek();

        Get next available token label and value pair as an array reference
        or unrecognized text from input stream by by simply peeking ahead
        and without removing it from the input stream.

    StringifyLexer
            $LexerString = $Lexer->StringifyLexer();

        Returns a string containing information about *Lexer* object.

AUTHOR
    Manish Sud <msud@san.rr.com>

SEE ALSO
    YYLexer.pm, SimpleCalcYYLexer.pm, SimpleCalcParser.yy

COPYRIGHT
    Copyright (C) 2015 Manish Sud. All rights reserved.

    This file is part of MayaChemTools.

    MayaChemTools is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
    your option) any later version.

