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NAME
    PathLengthFingerprints.pl - Generate atom path length based fingerprints
    for SD files

SYNOPSIS
    PathLengthFingerprints.pl SDFile(s)...

    PathLengthFingerprints.pl [--AromaticityModel *AromaticityModelType*]
    [-a, --AtomIdentifierType *AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes*]
    [--AtomicInvariantsToUse *"AtomicInvariant1,AtomicInvariant2..."*]
    [--FunctionalClassesToUse *"FunctionalClass1,FunctionalClass2..."*]
    [--BitsOrder *Ascending | Descending*] [-b, --BitStringFormat
    *BinaryString | HexadecimalString*] [--CompoundID *DataFieldName or
    LabelPrefixString*] [--CompoundIDLabel *text*] [--CompoundIDMode
    *DataField | MolName | LabelPrefix | MolNameOrLabelPrefix*]
    [--DataFields *"FieldLabel1,FieldLabel2,... "*] [-d, --DataFieldsMode
    *All | Common | Specify | CompoundID*] [--DetectAromaticity *Yes | No*]
    [-f, --Filter *Yes | No*] [--FingerprintsLabel *text*] [--fold *Yes |
    No*] [--FoldedSize *number*] [-h, --help] [-i, --IgnoreHydrogens *Yes |
    No*] [-k, --KeepLargestComponent *Yes | No*] [-m, --mode *PathLengthBits
    | PathLengthCount*] [--MinPathLength *number*] [--MaxPathLength
    *number*] [-n, --NumOfBitsToSetPerPath *number*] [--OutDelim *comma |
    tab | semicolon*] [--output *SD | FP | text | all*] [-q, --quote *Yes |
    No*] [-r, --root *RootName*] [-p, --PathMode *AtomPathsWithoutRings |
    AtomPathsWithRings | AllAtomPathsWithoutRings | AllAtomPathsWithRings*]
    [-s, --size *number*] [-u, --UseBondSymbols *Yes | No*]
    [--UsePerlCoreRandom *Yes | No*] [--UseUniquePaths *Yes | No*] [-q,
    --quote *Yes | No*] [-r, --root *RootName*] [-v, --VectorStringFormat
    *IDsAndValuesString | IDsAndValuesPairsString | ValuesAndIDsString |
    ValuesAndIDsPairsString*] [-w, --WorkingDir dirname] SDFile(s)...

DESCRIPTION
    Generate atom path length fingerprints for *SDFile(s)* and create
    appropriate SD, FP or CSV/TSV text file(s) containing fingerprints
    bit-vector or vector strings corresponding to molecular fingerprints.

    Multiple SDFile names are separated by spaces. The valid file extensions
    are *.sdf* and *.sd*. All other file names are ignored. All the SD files
    in a current directory can be specified either by **.sdf* or the current
    directory name.

    The current release of MayaChemTools supports generation of path length
    fingerprints corresponding to following -a, --AtomIdentifierTypes:

        AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes, DREIDINGAtomTypes, EStateAtomTypes,
        FunctionalClassAtomTypes, MMFF94AtomTypes, SLogPAtomTypes,
        SYBYLAtomTypes, TPSAAtomTypes, UFFAtomTypes

    Based on the values specified for -p, --PathMode, --MinPathLength and
    --MaxPathLength, all appropriate atom paths are generated for each atom
    in the molecule and collected in a list and the list is filtered to
    remove any structurally duplicate paths as indicated by the value of
    --UseUniquePaths option.

    For each atom path in the filtered atom paths list, an atom path string
    is created using value of -a, --AtomIdentifierType and specified values
    to use for a particular atom identifier type. Value of -u,
    --UseBondSymbols controls whether bond order symbols are used during
    generation of atom path string. For each atom path, only
    lexicographically smaller atom path strings are kept.

    For *PathLengthBits* value of -m, --mode option, each atom path is
    hashed to a 32 bit unsigned integer key using TextUtil::HashCode
    function. Using the hash key as a seed for a random number generator, a
    random integer value between 0 and --Size is used to set corresponding
    bits in the fingerprint bit-vector string. Value of
    --NumOfBitsToSetPerPath option controls the number of time a random
    number is generated to set corresponding bits.

    For * PathLengthCount* value of -m, --mode option, the number of times
    an atom path appears is tracked and a fingerprints count-string
    corresponding to count of atom paths is generated.

    Example of *SD* file containing path length fingerprints string data:

        ... ...
        ... ...
        $$$$
        ... ...
        ... ...
        ... ...
        41 44  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
         -3.3652    1.4499    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
        ... ...
        2  3  1  0  0  0  0
        ... ...
        M  END
        >  <CmpdID>
        Cmpd1

        >  <PathLengthFingerprints>
        FingerprintsBitVector;PathLengthBits:AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes:MinLengt
        h1:MaxLength8;1024;HexadecimalString;Ascending;9c8460989ec8a49913991a66
        03130b0a19e8051c89184414953800cc2151082844a201042800130860308e8204d4028
        00831048940e44281c00060449a5000ac80c894114e006321264401600846c050164462
        08190410805000304a10205b0100e04c0038ba0fad0209c0ca8b1200012268b61c0026a
        aa0660a11014a011d46

        $$$$
        ... ...
        ... ...

    Example of *FP* file containing path length fingerprints string data:

        #
        # Package = MayaChemTools 7.4
        # ReleaseDate = Oct 21, 2010
        #
        # TimeStamp =  Mon Mar 7 15:14:01 2011
        #
        # FingerprintsStringType = FingerprintsBitVector
        #
        # Description = PathLengthBits:AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes:MinLength1:...
        # Size = 1024
        # BitStringFormat = HexadecimalString
        # BitsOrder = Ascending
        #
        Cmpd1 9c8460989ec8a49913991a6603130b0a19e8051c89184414953800cc21510...
        Cmpd2 000000249400840040100042011001001980410c000000001010088001120...
        ... ...
        ... ..

    Example of CSV *Text* file containing pathlength fingerprints string
    data:

        "CompoundID","PathLengthFingerprints"
        "Cmpd1","FingerprintsBitVector;PathLengthBits:AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes
        :MinLength1:MaxLength8;1024;HexadecimalString;Ascending;9c8460989ec8a4
        9913991a6603130b0a19e8051c89184414953800cc2151082844a20104280013086030
        8e8204d402800831048940e44281c00060449a5000ac80c894114e006321264401..."
        ... ...
        ... ...

    The current release of MayaChemTools generates the following types of
    path length fingerprints bit-vector and vector strings:

        FingerprintsBitVector;PathLengthBits:AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes:MinLeng
        th1:MaxLength8;1024;BinaryString;Ascending;001000010011010101011000110
        0100010101011000101001011100110001000010001001101000001001001001001000
        0010110100000111001001000001001010100100100000000011000000101001011100
        0010000001000101010100000100111100110111011011011000000010110111001101
        0101100011000000010001000011000010100011101100001000001000100000000...

        FingerprintsBitVector;PathLengthBits:AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes:MinLeng
        th1:MaxLength8;1024;HexadecimalString;Ascending;48caa1315d82d91122b029
        42861c9409a4208182d12015509767bd0867653604481a8b1288000056090583603078
        9cedae54e26596889ab121309800900490515224208421502120a0dd9200509723ae89
        00024181b86c0122821d4e4880c38620dab280824b455404009f082003d52c212b4e6d
        6ea05280140069c780290c43

        FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes:MinLength
        1:MaxLength8;432;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;C.X1.BO1.H3 2
        C.X2.BO2.H2 4 C.X2.BO3.H1 14 C.X3.BO3.H1 3 C.X3.BO4 10 F.X1.BO1 1 N.X
        2.BO2.H1 1 N.X3.BO3 1 O.X1.BO1.H1 3 O.X1.BO2 2 C.X1.BO1.H3C.X3.BO3.H1
        2 C.X2.BO2.H2C.X2.BO2.H2 1 C.X2.BO2.H2C.X3.BO3.H1 4 C.X2.BO2.H2C.X3.BO
        4 1 C.X2.BO2.H2N.X3.BO3 1 C.X2.BO3.H1:C.X2.BO3.H1 10 C.X2.BO3.H1:C....

        FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:DREIDINGAtomTypes:MinLength1:MaxLen
        gth8;410;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;C_2 2 C_3 9 C_R 22 F_
        1 N_3 1 N_R 1 O_2 2 O_3 3 C_2=O_2 2 C_2C_3 1 C_2C_R 1 C_2N_3 1 C_2O_3
        1 C_3C_3 7 C_3C_R 1 C_3N_R 1 C_3O_3 2 C_R:C_R 21 C_R:N_R 2 C_RC_R 2 C
        _RF_ 1 C_RN_3 1 C_2C_3C_3 1 C_2C_R:C_R 2 C_2N_3C_R 1 C_3C_2=O_2 1 C_3C
        _2O_3 1 C_3C_3C_3 5 C_3C_3C_R 2 C_3C_3N_R 1 C_3C_3O_3 4 C_3C_R:C_R ...

        FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:EStateAtomTypes:MinLength1:MaxLengt
        h8;454;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;aaCH 14 aasC 8 aasN 1 d
        O 2 dssC 2 sCH3 2 sF 1 sOH 3 ssCH2 4 ssNH 1 sssCH 3 aaCH:aaCH 10 aaCH:
        aasC 8 aasC:aasC 3 aasC:aasN 2 aasCaasC 2 aasCdssC 1 aasCsF 1 aasCssNH
        1 aasCsssCH 1 aasNssCH2 1 dO=dssC 2 dssCsOH 1 dssCssCH2 1 dssCssNH 1
        sCH3sssCH 2 sOHsssCH 2 ssCH2ssCH2 1 ssCH2sssCH 4 aaCH:aaCH:aaCH 6 a...

        FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:FunctionalClassAtomTypes:MinLength1
        :MaxLength8;404;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;Ar 22 Ar.HBA 1
        HBA 2 HBA.HBD 3 HBD 1 Hal 1 NI 1 None 10 Ar.HBA:Ar 2 Ar.HBANone 1 Ar:
        Ar 21 ArAr 2 ArHBD 1 ArHal 1 ArNone 2 HBA.HBDNI 1 HBA.HBDNone 2 HBA=NI
        1 HBA=None 1 HBDNone 1 NINone 1 NoneNone 7 Ar.HBA:Ar:Ar 2 Ar.HBA:ArAr
        1 Ar.HBA:ArNone 1 Ar.HBANoneNone 1 Ar:Ar.HBA:Ar 1 Ar:Ar.HBANone 2 ...

        FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:MMFF94AtomTypes:MinLength1:MaxLengt
        h8;463;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;C5A 2 C5B 2 C=ON 1 CB 1
        8 COO 1 CR 9 F 1 N5 1 NC=O 1 O=CN 1 O=CO 1 OC=O 1 OR 2 C5A:C5B 2 C5A:N
        5 2 C5ACB 1 C5ACR 1 C5B:C5B 1 C5BC=ON 1 C5BCB 1 C=ON=O=CN 1 C=ONNC=O 1
        CB:CB 18 CBF 1 CBNC=O 1 COO=O=CO 1 COOCR 1 COOOC=O 1 CRCR 7 CRN5 1 CR
        OR 2 C5A:C5B:C5B 2 C5A:C5BC=ON 1 C5A:C5BCB 1 C5A:N5:C5A 1 C5A:N5CR ...

        FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:SLogPAtomTypes:MinLength1:MaxLength
        8;518;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;C1 5 C10 1 C11 1 C14 1 C
        18 14 C20 4 C21 2 C22 1 C5 2 CS 2 F 1 N11 1 N4 1 O10 1 O2 3 O9 1 C10C1
        1 C10N11 1 C11C1 2 C11C21 1 C14:C18 2 C14F 1 C18:C18 10 C18:C20 4 C18
        :C22 2 C1C5 1 C1CS 4 C20:C20 1 C20:C21 1 C20:N11 1 C20C20 2 C21:C21 1
        C21:N11 1 C21C5 1 C22N4 1 C5=O10 1 C5=O9 1 C5N4 1 C5O2 1 CSO2 2 C10...

        FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:SYBYLAtomTypes:MinLength1:MaxLength
        8;412;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;C.2 2 C.3 9 C.ar 22 F 1
        N.am 1 N.ar 1 O.2 1 O.3 2 O.co2 2 C.2=O.2 1 C.2=O.co2 1 C.2C.3 1 C.2C.
        ar 1 C.2N.am 1 C.2O.co2 1 C.3C.3 7 C.3C.ar 1 C.3N.ar 1 C.3O.3 2 C.ar:C
        .ar 21 C.ar:N.ar 2 C.arC.ar 2 C.arF 1 C.arN.am 1 C.2C.3C.3 1 C.2C.ar:C
        .ar 2 C.2N.amC.ar 1 C.3C.2=O.co2 1 C.3C.2O.co2 1 C.3C.3C.3 5 C.3C.3...

        FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:TPSAAtomTypes:MinLength1:MaxLength8
        ;331;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;N21 1 N7 1 None 34 O3 2 O
        4 3 N21:None 2 N21None 1 N7None 2 None:None 21 None=O3 2 NoneNone 13 N
        oneO4 3 N21:None:None 2 N21:NoneNone 2 N21NoneNone 1 N7None:None 2 N7N
        one=O3 1 N7NoneNone 1 None:N21:None 1 None:N21None 2 None:None:None 20
        None:NoneNone 12 NoneN7None 1 NoneNone=O3 2 NoneNoneNone 8 NoneNon...

        FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:UFFAtomTypes:MinLength1:MaxLength8;
        410;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;C_2 2 C_3 9 C_R 22 F_ 1 N_
        3 1 N_R 1 O_2 2 O_3 3 C_2=O_2 2 C_2C_3 1 C_2C_R 1 C_2N_3 1 C_2O_3 1 C_
        3C_3 7 C_3C_R 1 C_3N_R 1 C_3O_3 2 C_R:C_R 21 C_R:N_R 2 C_RC_R 2 C_RF_
        1 C_RN_3 1 C_2C_3C_3 1 C_2C_R:C_R 2 C_2N_3C_R 1 C_3C_2=O_2 1 C_3C_2O_3
        1 C_3C_3C_3 5 C_3C_3C_R 2 C_3C_3N_R 1 C_3C_3O_3 4 C_3C_R:C_R 1 C_3...

OPTIONS
    --AromaticityModel *MDLAromaticityModel | TriposAromaticityModel |
    MMFFAromaticityModel | ChemAxonBasicAromaticityModel |
    ChemAxonGeneralAromaticityModel | DaylightAromaticityModel |
    MayaChemToolsAromaticityModel*
        Specify aromaticity model to use during detection of aromaticity.
        Possible values in the current release are: *MDLAromaticityModel,
        TriposAromaticityModel, MMFFAromaticityModel,
        ChemAxonBasicAromaticityModel, ChemAxonGeneralAromaticityModel,
        DaylightAromaticityModel or MayaChemToolsAromaticityModel*. Default
        value: *MayaChemToolsAromaticityModel*.

        The supported aromaticity model names along with model specific
        control parameters are defined in AromaticityModelsData.csv, which
        is distributed with the current release and is available under
        lib/data directory. Molecule.pm module retrieves data from this file
        during class instantiation and makes it available to method
        DetectAromaticity for detecting aromaticity corresponding to a
        specific model.

        This option is ignored during *No* value of --DetectAromaticity
        option.

    -a, --AtomIdentifierType *AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes | DREIDINGAtomTypes
    | EStateAtomTypes | FunctionalClassAtomTypes | MMFF94AtomTypes |
    SLogPAtomTypes | SYBYLAtomTypes | TPSAAtomTypes | UFFAtomTypes*
        Specify atom identifier type to use for assignment of atom types to
        hydrogen and/or non-hydrogen atoms during calculation of atom types
        fingerprints. Possible values in the current release are:
        *AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes, DREIDINGAtomTypes, EStateAtomTypes,
        FunctionalClassAtomTypes, MMFF94AtomTypes, SLogPAtomTypes,
        SYBYLAtomTypes, TPSAAtomTypes, UFFAtomTypes*. Default value:
        *AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes*.

    -a, --AtomIdentifierType *AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes | DREIDINGAtomTypes
    | EStateAtomTypes | FunctionalClassAtomTypes | MMFF94AtomTypes |
    SLogPAtomTypes | SYBYLAtomTypes | TPSAAtomTypes | UFFAtomTypes*
        Specify atom identifier type to use during generation of atom path
        strings corresponding to path length fingerprints. Possible values
        in the current release are: *AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes,
        DREIDINGAtomTypes, EStateAtomTypes, FunctionalClassAtomTypes,
        MMFF94AtomTypes, SLogPAtomTypes, SYBYLAtomTypes, TPSAAtomTypes,
        UFFAtomTypes*. Default value: *AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes*.

    --AtomicInvariantsToUse *"AtomicInvariant1,AtomicInvariant2..."*
        This value is used during *AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes* value of a,
        --AtomIdentifierType option. It's a list of comma separated valid
        atomic invariant atom types.

        Possible values for atomic invariants are: *AS, X, BO, LBO, SB, DB,
        TB, H, Ar, RA, FC, MN, SM*. Default value: *AS*.

        The atomic invariants abbreviations correspond to:

            AS = Atom symbol corresponding to element symbol

            X<n>   = Number of non-hydrogen atom neighbors or heavy atoms
            BO<n> = Sum of bond orders to non-hydrogen atom neighbors or heavy atoms
            LBO<n> = Largest bond order of non-hydrogen atom neighbors or heavy atoms
            SB<n> = Number of single bonds to non-hydrogen atom neighbors or heavy atoms
            DB<n> = Number of double bonds to non-hydrogen atom neighbors or heavy atoms
            TB<n> = Number of triple bonds to non-hydrogen atom neighbors or heavy atoms
            H<n>   = Number of implicit and explicit hydrogens for atom
            Ar     = Aromatic annotation indicating whether atom is aromatic
            RA     = Ring atom annotation indicating whether atom is a ring
            FC<+n/-n> = Formal charge assigned to atom
            MN<n> = Mass number indicating isotope other than most abundant isotope
            SM<n> = Spin multiplicity of atom. Possible values: 1 (singlet), 2 (doublet) or
                    3 (triplet)

        Atom type generated by AtomTypes::AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes class
        corresponds to:

            AS.X<n>.BO<n>.LBO<n>.<SB><n>.<DB><n>.<TB><n>.H<n>.Ar.RA.FC<+n/-n>.MN<n>.SM<n>

        Except for AS which is a required atomic invariant in atom types,
        all other atomic invariants are optional. Atom type specification
        doesn't include atomic invariants with zero or undefined values.

        In addition to usage of abbreviations for specifying atomic
        invariants, the following descriptive words are also allowed:

            X : NumOfNonHydrogenAtomNeighbors or NumOfHeavyAtomNeighbors
            BO : SumOfBondOrdersToNonHydrogenAtoms or SumOfBondOrdersToHeavyAtoms
            LBO : LargestBondOrderToNonHydrogenAtoms or LargestBondOrderToHeavyAtoms
            SB :  NumOfSingleBondsToNonHydrogenAtoms or NumOfSingleBondsToHeavyAtoms
            DB : NumOfDoubleBondsToNonHydrogenAtoms or NumOfDoubleBondsToHeavyAtoms
            TB : NumOfTripleBondsToNonHydrogenAtoms or NumOfTripleBondsToHeavyAtoms
            H :  NumOfImplicitAndExplicitHydrogens
            Ar : Aromatic
            RA : RingAtom
            FC : FormalCharge
            MN : MassNumber
            SM : SpinMultiplicity

        Examples:

        Benzene: Using value of *AS* for --AtomicInvariantsToUse, *Yes* for
        UseBondSymbols, and * AllAtomPathsWithRings* for -p, --PathMode,
        atom path strings generated are:

            C C:C C:C:C C:C:C:C C:C:C:C:C C:C:C:C:C:C C:C:C:C:C:C:C

        And using *AS,X,BO* for --AtomicInvariantsToUse generates following
        atom path strings:

            C.X2.BO3 C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3 C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3
            C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3
            C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3
            C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3
            C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3:C.X2.BO3

        Urea: Using value of *AS* for --AtomicInvariantsToUse, *Yes* for
        UseBondSymbols, and * AllAtomPathsWithRings* for -p, --PathMode,
        atom path strings are:

            C N O C=O CN NC=O NCN

        And using *AS,X,BO* for --AtomicInvariantsToUse generates following
        atom path strings:

            C.X3.BO4 N.X1.BO1 O.X1.BO2 C.X3.BO4=O.X1.BO2
            C.X3.BO4N.X1.BO1 N.X1.BO1C.X3.BO4=O.X1.BO2
            N.X1.BO1C.X3.BO4N.X1.BO1

    --FunctionalClassesToUse *"FunctionalClass1,FunctionalClass2..."*
        This value is used during *FunctionalClassAtomTypes* value of a,
        --AtomIdentifierType option. It's a list of comma separated valid
        functional classes.

        Possible values for atom functional classes are: *Ar, CA, H, HBA,
        HBD, Hal, NI, PI, RA*. Default value [ Ref 24 ]:
        *HBD,HBA,PI,NI,Ar,Hal*.

        The functional class abbreviations correspond to:

            HBD: HydrogenBondDonor
            HBA: HydrogenBondAcceptor
            PI :  PositivelyIonizable
            NI : NegativelyIonizable
            Ar : Aromatic
            Hal : Halogen
            H : Hydrophobic
            RA : RingAtom
            CA : ChainAtom

         Functional class atom type specification for an atom corresponds to:

            Ar.CA.H.HBA.HBD.Hal.NI.PI.RA

        *AtomTypes::FunctionalClassAtomTypes* module is used to assign
        functional class atom types. It uses following definitions [ Ref
        60-61, Ref 65-66 ]:

            HydrogenBondDonor: NH, NH2, OH
            HydrogenBondAcceptor: N[!H], O
            PositivelyIonizable: +, NH2
            NegativelyIonizable: -, C(=O)OH, S(=O)OH, P(=O)OH

    --BitsOrder *Ascending | Descending*
        Bits order to use during generation of fingerprints bit-vector
        string for *PathLengthBits* value of -m, --mode option. Possible
        values: *Ascending, Descending*. Default: *Ascending*.

        *Ascending* bit order which corresponds to first bit in each byte as
        the lowest bit as opposed to the highest bit.

        Internally, bits are stored in *Ascending* order using Perl vec
        function. Regardless of machine order, big-endian or little-endian,
        vec function always considers first string byte as the lowest byte
        and first bit within each byte as the lowest bit.

    -b, --BitStringFormat *BinaryString | HexadecimalString*
        Format of fingerprints bit-vector string data in output SD, FP or
        CSV/TSV text file(s) specified by --output used during
        *PathLengthBits* value of -m, --mode option. Possible values:
        *BinaryString, HexadecimalString*. Default value:
        *HexadecimalString*.

        *BinaryString* corresponds to an ASCII string containing 1s and 0s.
        *HexadecimalString* contains bit values in ASCII hexadecimal format.

        Examples:

            FingerprintsBitVector;PathLengthBits:AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes:MinLeng
            th1:MaxLength8;1024;BinaryString;Ascending;001000010011010101011000110
            0100010101011000101001011100110001000010001001101000001001001001001000
            0010110100000111001001000001001010100100100000000011000000101001011100
            0010000001000101010100000100111100110111011011011000000010110111001101
            0101100011000000010001000011000010100011101100001000001000100000000...

            FingerprintsBitVector;PathLengthBits:AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes:MinLeng
            th1:MaxLength8;1024;HexadecimalString;Ascending;48caa1315d82d91122b029
            42861c9409a4208182d12015509767bd0867653604481a8b1288000056090583603078
            9cedae54e26596889ab121309800900490515224208421502120a0dd9200509723ae89
            00024181b86c0122821d4e4880c38620dab280824b455404009f082003d52c212b4e6d
            6ea05280140069c780290c43

    --CompoundID *DataFieldName or LabelPrefixString*
        This value is --CompoundIDMode specific and indicates how compound
        ID is generated.

        For *DataField* value of --CompoundIDMode option, it corresponds to
        datafield label name whose value is used as compound ID; otherwise,
        it's a prefix string used for generating compound IDs like
        LabelPrefixString<Number>. Default value, *Cmpd*, generates compound
        IDs which look like Cmpd<Number>.

        Examples for *DataField* value of --CompoundIDMode:

            MolID
            ExtReg

        Examples for *LabelPrefix* or *MolNameOrLabelPrefix* value of
        --CompoundIDMode:

            Compound

        The value specified above generates compound IDs which correspond to
        Compound<Number> instead of default value of Cmpd<Number>.

    --CompoundIDLabel *text*
        Specify compound ID column label for FP or CSV/TSV text file(s) used
        during *CompoundID* value of --DataFieldsMode option. Default:
        *CompoundID*.

    --CompoundIDMode *DataField | MolName | LabelPrefix |
    MolNameOrLabelPrefix*
        Specify how to generate compound IDs and write to FP or CSV/TSV text
        file(s) along with generated fingerprints for *FP | text | all*
        values of --output option: use a *SDFile(s)* datafield value; use
        molname line from *SDFile(s)*; generate a sequential ID with
        specific prefix; use combination of both MolName and LabelPrefix
        with usage of LabelPrefix values for empty molname lines.

        Possible values: *DataField | MolName | LabelPrefix |
        MolNameOrLabelPrefix*. Default: *LabelPrefix*.

        For *MolNameAndLabelPrefix* value of --CompoundIDMode, molname line
        in *SDFile(s)* takes precedence over sequential compound IDs
        generated using *LabelPrefix* and only empty molname values are
        replaced with sequential compound IDs.

        This is only used for *CompoundID* value of --DataFieldsMode option.

    --DataFields *"FieldLabel1,FieldLabel2,... "*
        Comma delimited list of *SDFiles(s)* data fields to extract and
        write to CSV/TSV text file(s) along with generated fingerprints for
        *text | all* values of --output option.

        This is only used for *Specify* value of --DataFieldsMode option.

        Examples:

            Extreg
            MolID,CompoundName

    -d, --DataFieldsMode *All | Common | Specify | CompoundID*
        Specify how data fields in *SDFile(s)* are transferred to output
        CSV/TSV text file(s) along with generated fingerprints for *text |
        all* values of --output option: transfer all SD data field; transfer
        SD data files common to all compounds; extract specified data
        fields; generate a compound ID using molname line, a compound
        prefix, or a combination of both. Possible values: *All | Common |
        specify | CompoundID*. Default value: *CompoundID*.

    --DetectAromaticity *Yes | No*
        Detect aromaticity before generating fingerprints. Possible values:
        *Yes or No*. Default value: *Yes*.

        *No* --DetectAromaticity forces usage of atom and bond aromaticity
        values from *SDFile(s)* and skips the step which detects and assigns
        aromaticity.

        *No* --DetectAromaticity value is only allowed uring
        *AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes* value of -a, --AtomIdentifierType
        options; for all possible values -a, --AtomIdentifierType values, it
        must be *Yes*.

    -f, --Filter *Yes | No*
        Specify whether to check and filter compound data in SDFile(s).
        Possible values: *Yes or No*. Default value: *Yes*.

        By default, compound data is checked before calculating fingerprints
        and compounds containing atom data corresponding to non-element
        symbols or no atom data are ignored.

    --FingerprintsLabel *text*
        SD data label or text file column label to use for fingerprints
        string in output SD or CSV/TSV text file(s) specified by --output.
        Default value: *PathLenghFingerprints*.

    --fold *Yes | No*
        Fold fingerprints to increase bit density during *PathLengthBits*
        value of -m, --mode option. Possible values: *Yes or No*. Default
        value: *No*.

    --FoldedSize *number*
        Size of folded fingerprint during *PathLengthBits* value of -m,
        --mode option. Default value: *256*. Valid values correspond to any
        positive integer which is less than -s, --size and meets the
        criteria for its value.

        Examples:

           128
           512

    -h, --help
        Print this help message

    -i, --IgnoreHydrogens *Yes | No*
        Ignore hydrogens during fingerprints generation. Possible values:
        *Yes or No*. Default value: *Yes*.

        For *yes* value of -i, --IgnoreHydrogens, any explicit hydrogens are
        also used for generation of atoms path lengths and fingerprints;
        implicit hydrogens are still ignored.

    -k, --KeepLargestComponent *Yes | No*
        Generate fingerprints for only the largest component in molecule.
        Possible values: *Yes or No*. Default value: *Yes*.

        For molecules containing multiple connected components, fingerprints
        can be generated in two different ways: use all connected components
        or just the largest connected component. By default, all atoms
        except for the largest connected component are deleted before
        generation of fingerprints.

    -m, --mode *PathLengthBits | PathLengthCount*
        Specify type of path length fingerprints to generate for molecules
        in *SDFile(s)*. Possible values: *PathLengthBits, PathLengthCount*.
        Default value: *PathLengthBits*.

        For *PathLengthBits* value of -m, --mode option, a fingerprint
        bit-vector string containing zeros and ones is generated and for
        *PathLengthCount* value, a fingerprint vector string corresponding
        to number of atom paths is generated.

    --MinPathLength *number*
        Minimum atom path length to include in fingerprints. Default value:
        *1*. Valid values: positive integers and less than --MaxPathLength.
        Path length of 1 correspond to a path containing only one atom.

    --MaxPathLength *number*
        Maximum atom path length to include in fingerprints. Default value:
        *8*. Valid values: positive integers and greater than
        --MinPathLength.

    -n, --NumOfBitsToSetPerPath *number*
        Number of bits to set per path during generation of fingerprints
        bit-vector string for *PathLengthBits* value of -m, --mode option.
        Default value: *1*. Valid values: positive integers.

    --OutDelim *comma | tab | semicolon*
        Delimiter for output CSV/TSV text file(s). Possible values: *comma,
        tab, or semicolon* Default value: *comma*.

    --output *SD | FP | text | all*
        Type of output files to generate. Possible values: *SD, FP, text, or
        all*. Default value: *text*.

    -o, --overwrite
        Overwrite existing files.

    -p, --PathMode *AtomPathsWithoutRings | AtomPathsWithRings |
    AllAtomPathsWithoutRings | AllAtomPathsWithRings*
        Specify type of atom paths to use for generating pathlength
        fingerprints for molecules in *SDFile(s)*. Possible
        values:*AtomPathsWithoutRings, AtomPathsWithRings,
        AllAtomPathsWithoutRings, AllAtomPathsWithRings*. Default value:
        *AllAtomPathsWithRings*.

        For molecules with no rings, first two and last two options are
        equivalent and generate same set of atom paths starting from each
        atom with length between --MinPathLength and --MaxPathLength.
        However, all these four options can result in the same set of final
        atom paths for molecules containing fused, bridged or spiro rings.

        For molecules containing rings, atom paths starting from each atom
        can be traversed in four different ways:

        *AtomPathsWithoutRings* - Atom paths containing no rings and without
        sharing of bonds in traversed paths.

        *AtomPathsWithRings* - Atom paths containing rings and without any
        sharing of bonds in traversed paths.

        *AllAtomPathsWithoutRings* - All possible atom paths containing no
        rings and without any sharing of bonds in traversed paths.

        *AllAtomPathsWithRings* - All possible atom paths containing rings
        and with sharing of bonds in traversed paths.

        Atom path traversal is terminated at the ring atom.

        Based on values specified for for -p, --PathMode, --MinPathLength
        and --MaxPathLength, all appropriate atom paths are generated for
        each atom in the molecule and collected in a list.

        For each atom path in the filtered atom paths list, an atom path
        string is created using value of -a, --AtomIdentifierType and
        specified values to use for a particular atom identifier type. Value
        of -u, --UseBondSymbols controls whether bond order symbols are used
        during generation of atom path string. Atom symbol corresponds to
        element symbol and characters used to represent bond order are: *1 -
        None; 2 - '='; 3 - '#'; 1.5 or aromatic - ':'; others: bond order
        value*. By default, bond symbols are included in atom path strings.
        Exclusion of bond symbols in atom path strings results in
        fingerprints which correspond purely to atom paths without
        considering bonds.

        UseUniquePaths controls the removal of structurally duplicate atom
        path strings are removed from the list.

        For *PathLengthBits* value of -m, --mode option, each atom path is
        hashed to a 32 bit unsigned integer key using TextUtil::HashCode
        function. Using the hash key as a seed for a random number
        generator, a random integer value between 0 and --Size is used to
        set corresponding bits in the fingerprint bit-vector string. Value
        of --NumOfBitsToSetPerPaths option controls the number of time a
        random number is generated to set corresponding bits.

        For * PathLengthCount* value of -m, --mode option, the number of
        times an atom path appears is tracked and a fingerprints
        count-string corresponding to count of atom paths is generated.

        For molecule containing rings, combination of -p, --PathMode and
        --UseBondSymbols allows generation of up to 8 different types of
        atom path length strings:

            AllowSharedBonds AllowRings UseBondSymbols

            0                0          1   - AtomPathsNoCyclesWithBondSymbols
            0                1          1   - AtomPathsWithCyclesWithBondSymbols

            1                0          1   - AllAtomPathsNoCyclesWithBondSymbols
            1                1          1   - AllAtomPathsWithCyclesWithBondSymbols
                                              [ DEFAULT ]

            0                0          0   - AtomPathsNoCyclesNoBondSymbols
            0                1          0   - AtomPathsWithCyclesNoBondSymbols

            1                0          0   - AllAtomPathsNoCyclesNoBondSymbols
            1                1          0   - AllAtomPathsWithCyclesNoWithBondSymbols

        Default atom path length fingerprints generation for molecules
        containing rings with *AllAtomPathsWithRings* value for -p,
        --PathMode, *Yes* value for --UseBondSymbols, *2* value for
        --MinPathLength and *8* value for --MaxPathLength is the most time
        consuming. Combinations of other options can substantially speed up
        fingerprint generation for molecules containing complex ring
        systems.

        Additionally, value for option -a, --AtomIdentifierType in
        conjunction with corresponding specified values for atom types
        changes the nature of atom path length strings and the fingerprints.

    -q, --quote *Yes | No*
        Put quote around column values in output CSV/TSV text file(s).
        Possible values: *Yes or No*. Default value: *Yes*.

    -r, --root *RootName*
        New file name is generated using the root: <Root>.<Ext>. Default for
        new file names: <SDFileName><PathLengthFP>.<Ext>. The file type
        determines <Ext> value. The sdf, fpf, csv, and tsv <Ext> values are
        used for SD, FP, comma/semicolon, and tab delimited text files,
        respectively.This option is ignored for multiple input files.

    -s, --size *number*
        Size of fingerprints. Default value: *1024*. Valid values correspond
        to any positive integer which satisfies the following criteria:
        power of 2, >= 32 and <= 2 ** 32.

        Examples:

           256
           512
           2048

    -u, --UseBondSymbols *Yes | No*
        Specify whether to use bond symbols for atom paths during generation
        of atom path strings. Possible values: *Yes or No*. Default value:
        *Yes*.

        *No* value option for -u, --UseBondSymbols allows the generation of
        fingerprints corresponding purely to atoms disregarding all bonds.

    --UsePerlCoreRandom *Yes | No*
        Specify whether to use Perl CORE::rand or MayaChemTools
        MathUtil::random function during random number generation for
        setting bits in fingerprints bit-vector strings. Possible values:
        *Yes or No*. Default value: *Yes*.

        *No* value option for --UsePerlCoreRandom allows the generation of
        fingerprints bit-vector strings which are same across different
        platforms.

        The random number generator implemented in MayaChemTools is a
        variant of linear congruential generator (LCG) as described by
        Miller et al. [ Ref 120 ]. It is also referred to as Lehmer random
        number generator or Park-Miller random number generator.

        Unlike Perl's core random number generator function rand, the random
        number generator implemented in MayaChemTools, MathUtil::random,
        generates consistent random values across different platforms for a
        specific random seed and leads to generation of portable
        fingerprints bit-vector strings.

    --UseUniquePaths *Yes | No*
        Specify whether to use structurally unique atom paths during
        generation of atom path strings. Possible values: *Yes or No*.
        Default value: *Yes*.

        *No* value option for --UseUniquePaths allows usage of all atom
        paths generated by -p, --PathMode option value for generation of
        atom path strings leading to duplicate path count during
        *PathLengthCount* value of -m, --mode option. It doesn't change
        fingerprint string generated during *PathLengthBits* value of -m,
        --mode.

        For example, during *AllAtomPathsWithRings* value of -p, --PathMode
        option, benzene has 12 linear paths of length 2 and 12 cyclic paths
        length of 7, but only 6 linear paths of length 2 and 1 cyclic path
        of length 7 are structurally unique.

    -v, --VectorStringFormat *IDsAndValuesString | IDsAndValuesPairsString |
    ValuesAndIDsString | ValuesAndIDsPairsString*
        Format of fingerprints vector string data in output SD, FP or
        CSV/TSV text file(s) specified by --output used during
        *PathLengthCount* value of -m, --mode option. Possible values:
        *IDsAndValuesString | IDsAndValuesPairsString | ValuesAndIDsString |
        ValuesAndIDsPairsString*. Defaultvalue: *IDsAndValuesString*.

        Examples:

            FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes:MinLength
            1:MaxLength8;432;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;C.X1.BO1.H3 2
             C.X2.BO2.H2 4 C.X2.BO3.H1 14 C.X3.BO3.H1 3 C.X3.BO4 10 F.X1.BO1 1 N.X
            2.BO2.H1 1 N.X3.BO3 1 O.X1.BO1.H1 3 O.X1.BO2 2 C.X1.BO1.H3C.X3.BO3.H1 
            2 C.X2.BO2.H2C.X2.BO2.H2 1 C.X2.BO2.H2C.X3.BO3.H1 4 C.X2.BO2.H2C.X3.BO
            4 1 C.X2.BO2.H2N.X3.BO3 1 C.X2.BO3.H1:C.X2.BO3.H1 10 C.X2.BO3.H1:C....

            FingerprintsVector;PathLengthCount:EStateAtomTypes:MinLength1:MaxLengt
            h8;454;NumericalValues;IDsAndValuesPairsString;aaCH 14 aasC 8 aasN 1 d
            O 2 dssC 2 sCH3 2 sF 1 sOH 3 ssCH2 4 ssNH 1 sssCH 3 aaCH:aaCH 10 aaCH:
            aasC 8 aasC:aasC 3 aasC:aasN 2 aasCaasC 2 aasCdssC 1 aasCsF 1 aasCssNH
            1 aasCsssCH 1 aasNssCH2 1 dO=dssC 2 dssCsOH 1 dssCssCH2 1 dssCssNH 1
            sCH3sssCH 2 sOHsssCH 2 ssCH2ssCH2 1 ssCH2sssCH 4 aaCH:aaCH:aaCH 6 a...

    -w, --WorkingDir *DirName*
        Location of working directory. Default: current directory.

EXAMPLES
    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to all unique paths
    from length 1 through 8 in hexadecimal bit-vector string format of size
    1024 and create a SamplePLFPHex.csv file containing sequential compound
    IDs along with fingerprints bit-vector strings data, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl -o -r SamplePLFPHex Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to all unique paths
    from length 1 through 8 in hexadecimal bit-vector string format of size
    1024 and create SamplePLFPHex.sdf, SamplePLFPHex.fpf, and
    SamplePLFPHex.csv files containing sequential compound IDs in CSV file
    along with fingerprints bit-vector strings data, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl --output all -o -r SamplePLFPHex Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to all unique paths
    from length 1 through 8 in binary bit-vector string format of size 1024
    and create a SamplePLFPBin.csv file containing sequential compound IDs
    along with fingerprints bit-vector strings data, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl --BitStringFormat BinaryString --size 2048
          -o -r SamplePLFPBin Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to count of all
    unique paths from length 1 through 8 in IDsAndValuesString format and
    create a SamplePLFPCount.csv file containing sequential compound IDs
    along with fingerprints vector strings data, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl -m PathLengthCount -o -r SamplePLFPCount
          Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to count of all
    unique paths from length 1 through 8 in IDsAndValuesString format using
    E-state atom types and create a SamplePLFPCount.csv file containing
    sequential compound IDs along with fingerprints vector strings data,
    type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl -m  PathLengthCount --AtomIdentifierType
          EStateAtomTypes -o -r SamplePLFPCount Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to count of all
    unique paths from length 1 through 8 in IDsAndValuesString format using
    SLogP atom types and create a SamplePLFPCount.csv file containing
    sequential compound IDs along with fingerprints vector strings data,
    type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl -m  PathLengthCount --AtomIdentifierType
          SLogPAtomTypes -o -r SamplePLFPCount Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to count of all
    unique paths from length 1 through 8 in IDsAndValuesString format and
    create a SamplePLFPCount.csv file containing sequential compound IDs
    along with fingerprints vector strings data, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl -m  PathLengthCount --VectorStringFormat
          ValuesAndIDsPairsString -o -r SamplePLFPCount Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to count of all
    unique paths from length 1 through 8 in IDsAndValuesString format using
    AS,X,BO as atomic invariants and create a SamplePLFPCount.csv file
    containing sequential compound IDs along with fingerprints vector
    strings data, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl -m  PathLengthCount --AtomIdentifierType
          AtomicInvariantsAtomTypes --AtomicInvariantsToUse "AS,X,BO" -o
          -r SamplePLFPCount Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to count of all paths
    from length 1 through 8 in IDsAndValuesString format and create a
    SamplePLFPCount.csv file containing compound IDs from MolName line along
    with fingerprints vector strings data, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl -m  PathLengthCount --UseUniquePaths No
          -o --CompoundIDMode MolName -r SamplePLFPCount --UseUniquePaths No
          Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to all unique paths
    from length 1 through 8 in hexadecimal bit-vector string format of size
    512 after folding and create SamplePLFPHex.sdf, SamplePLFPHex.fpf, and
    SamplePLFPHex.sdf files containing sequential compound IDs along with
    fingerprints bit-vector strings data, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl --output all --Fold Yes --FoldedSize 512
           -o -r SamplePLFPHex Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to all unique paths
    from length 1 through 8 containing no rings and without sharing of bonds
    in hexadecimal bit-vector string format of size 1024 and create a
    SamplePLFPHex.csv file containing sequential compound IDs along with
    fingerprints bit-vector strings data and all data fields, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl -p AtomPathsWithoutRings --DataFieldsMode All
          -o -r SamplePLFPHex Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to all unique paths
    from length 1 through 8 containing rings and without sharing of bonds in
    hexadecimal bit-vector string format of size 1024 and create a
    SamplePLFPHex.tsv file containing compound IDs derived from combination
    of molecule name line and an explicit compound prefix along with
    fingerprints bit-vector strings data and all data fields, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl -p AtomPathsWithRings --DataFieldsMode
          CompoundID --CompoundIDMode MolnameOrLabelPrefix  --CompoundID Cmpd
          --CompoundIDLabel MolID --FingerprintsLabel PathLengthFP --OutDelim Tab
          -r SamplePLFPHex -o Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to count of all
    unique paths from length 1 through 8 in IDsAndValuesString format and
    create a SamplePLFPCount.csv file containing sequential compound IDs
    along with fingerprints vector strings data using aromaticity specified
    in SD file, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl -m PathLengthCount --DetectAromaticity No
          -o -r SamplePLFPCount Sample.sdf

    To generate path length fingerprints corresponding to all unique paths
    from length 2 through 6 in hexadecimal bit-vector string format of size
    1024 and create a SamplePLFPHex.csv file containing sequential compound
    IDs along with fingerprints bit-vector strings data, type:

        % PathLengthFingerprints.pl --MinPathLength 2 --MaxPathLength 6
          -o -r SamplePLFPHex Sample.sdf

AUTHOR
    Manish Sud <[e-mail]>

SEE ALSO
    InfoFingerprintsFiles.pl, SimilarityMatricesFingerprints.pl,
    AtomNeighborhoodsFingerprints.pl, ExtendedConnectivityFingerprints.pl,
    MACCSKeysFingerprints.pl, TopologicalAtomPairsFingerprints.pl,
    TopologicalAtomTorsionsFingerprints.pl,
    TopologicalPharmacophoreAtomPairsFingerprints.pl,
    TopologicalPharmacophoreAtomTripletsFingerprints.pl

COPYRIGHT
    Copyright (C) 2015 Manish Sud. All rights reserved.

    This file is part of MayaChemTools.

    MayaChemTools is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
    your option) any later version.